Britain 2326
A.D. 1866, 10th September. N° 2326.
LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Harlow, of Sparkbrook, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Maker, for the Invention of “Improvements in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms And In Revolving Fire-Arms, and in Cartridges for the said Fire-Arms.”
Sealed the 8th March 1867, and dated the 10th September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Harlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September 1866.
I, Edmund Harlow, of Sparkbrook, near Birmingham, in the County of 5 Warwick, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Improvements in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms And In Revolving Fire-Arms, and in Cartridges for the said Fire-Arms,” to be as follows:—
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in locking down the barrels of drop-down guns and guns in which the barrels have a longitudinal sliding motion to and from the break off.
In locking down the barrels of drop-down guns having the ordinary grip action I cut a screw thread upon the lever of the grip and also make a corresponding screw thread in the body of the gun, so as thereby to screw the lever into the body instead of merely slipping it in and holding it in its place by a small screw as in the ordinary arrangement. By this means I not only obtain a greater binding power but also greater certainty in the fitting; or the barrels may be locked down by a screw applied in the following manner:— I pass a screw through the strap or tang and back of the break-off and make it engage with the barrels; this screw I work by a lever which lies along the top of the strap or tang. These improvements may be applied to the actions of those guns in which the barrels slide longitudinally along the body, their breech ends either entering a cavity in the face of the break-off or sliding upon disks fixed on the face of the break-off; in this case I force the barrels up to and hold them against the face of the break-off by means of a screw screwing in the body parallel with the barrels. I work this screw by means of a lever on the under side of the body; the screw may, however, be worked in various ways. By these means I both screw and wedge the barrels. I also force and hold the sliding barrels up against the face of the break-off by means of a lever working in a vertical plane upon its joint, the said lever being situated in the body of the gun. The said lever is so shaped that the front part near the joint bears firmly against the body of the gun and the back part similarly bears against the lump on the under side of the barrels, The lever is also so shaped that the tendency to force itself open and release the barrels is prevented. In order to release the short arm of the lever from the lamp pressure is put upon the end of the long arm situated underneath the barrels so as to depress it; the short arm is thereby raised and its nose made to strike against a lump on the barrels and force them from the break-off. The arrangement described may be made self-acting by means of a small catch placed in the body to hold the lever open when the barrels are in the position for charging and a spring attached to the lever to force it into its place when the barrels are shut down. The sliding or closing of the barrels acts upon the catch and allows the lever to drop into its place. This catch may be applied to any of the existing breech-loading fire-arms.
My Invention relates further to breech-loading fire-arms having fixed barrels, and consists of the arrangements of parts herein-after described for opening the breech ends of the said fire-arms for loading and closing them for discharge; I cut a longitudinal slot or hole in the top of the barrel for the introduction of the cartridge; I fit a block into the barrel, the said block being provided with an arm or projection, which acts as a lever, and lies along the strap or tang of the gun; I cut a slot in this block of about half the length of the said block, and in this slot I fit a second block or link, one end of which link I join to the large block in the barrel, and the other end to the: barrel at the back end. To open the gun for charging the lever on the tang is raised, and then drawn back, the link being so placed in the block as to admit this motion. By the motion of the lever the block is raised out of the barrel, so as to admit of the introduction of the cartridge into the barrel. The block having been depressed into the barrel, the gun is ready for discharge, the link and block being so arranged that it is impossible for the block to be blown open. Or I arrange the parts of the gun in the following manner:—I bore out the breech end of the barrel somewhat larger than usual, and cut a screw-in it; into the screwed end I screw a hollow plug, the hole in the said plug being sufficiently large to admit of the cartridge being introduced through it into the barrel. Underneath the barrel (or upon the top or side) I cut a broad groove or slot of the same diameter as the enlarged part of the barrels, and through this slot a plate is made to slide so as to open or close the hollow in the screw plug, the sliding motions of the said plate being effected by the unscrewing or screwing of the plug. The said plate is provided with a curved slot, in which a pin on the plug engages, so that by the screwing of the plug in one or other direction in the breech end the said pin acts upon the plate through the slot, and raises or depresses it, and thereby closes or opens the hollow in the plug; this plate may be made to open and close the plug in a variety of ways.
My Invention consists further of the following improvements in cartridge case extractors for guns having moveable barrels and also for guns having fixed barrels. I will describe this part of my Invention as applied to a drop-down gun. According to one arrangement of my Invention I place in a recess between the barrels at the breech ends a spring; this spring is fixed at one end to the rib, and its free end is situated at about the middle of the barrels. The said spring is of such a breadth that it occupies the space between the two barrels. When the cartridges are placed in the barrels and the barrels are shut down the free end of the spring is compressed and lies flush with the ends of the barrels, the said free end of the spring bearing against the flanges or rims of the cartridges. When the barrels are raised after discharge, the spring being free to move acts upon. the rims of the exploded cartridge cases, and starts them from the barrels.
According to another arrangement of my Invention I start the cases of the exploded cartridges by means of a slide working between the barrels and pressed outwards by a coiled spring at its back. When the barrels are shut is down the slide is fixed flush with the ends of the barrels, and does not press upon the rims of the cartridges, This fixing of the slide is effected by means of a catch worked by a lever connected to the slide engaging in the side of the barrels, The lever of the catch is acted upon in the break-off of the gun. When the barrels are raised the catch is liberated from the barrels, and the slide is pressed outwards by its spring, and starts the cases of the exploded cartridges from the barrels.
My Invention consists further of the following improvements in revolving pistols or guns:— Instead of the ordinary ratchet on the revolving chamber, by which rotation is given to the said chamber, I make on the said chamber a ratchet in the form of a series of equal planes or sides, each plane or side being situated at an obtuse angle to the next one, the number of planes or sides employed corresponding with the number of the barrels of the revolving chamber. For example, for a chamber having six barrels I employ a ratchet of the form of a hexagon; I act upon this ratchet by means of an arm or lever sliding in a groove, and made to work up and down by means of the hammer or trigger of the pistol or gun. One edge of the said lever is parallel with one of the planes or sides of the ratchet. To the free end of the lever a small catch is jointed, the said catch being projected outwards when at liberty to move by a spring, When the lever is drawn back beyond the side or plane of the ratchet upon which it bore, the spring catch on the lever is forced outwards, and bears against the side or plane of the ratchet adjacent to that upon which it last acted, and when the lever is pushed forward the said catch pushes forward the ratchet, and gives a portion of a rotation to the chamber. When the lever has advanced to its full extent the plane or side of the ratchet acted upon by the catch is situated parallel to the edge of the lever, the spring catch being compressed in the lever, and the ratchet is locked or fixed. The lever may be made to work with a downward motion by reversing the catch. The planes or sides of the ratchet described may either be made upon 8 projection at the middle of the chamber or upon the circumference of the chamber. The lever for acting upon the ratchet may have a rectilinear or a circular motion. In the latter case the lever may be made in the form of a sector of a circle.
My improvements in revolving fire-arms consist further of the following arrangements of parts for removing the revolving chamber from the body for loading. I make the axis upon which the chamber tarns of three bolts or plugs; one of the said bolts is situated in a hole in the axis of the chamber, the said bolt being capable of sliding a limited distance therein; the other bolts I place in the body of the-pistol or gun, one at each end of the chamber, the said end bolts being: situated in a line with that in the chamber; one of the bolts in the body is provided with a spring, which spring presses the inner end of the said bolt into the hole in the axis of the chamber, and the latter bolt acts upon the bolt in the chamber, so as to force its opposite end into the body, the chamber is thereby fixed in its place. In order to remove the chamber from the body the bolt in the body, which has no spring attached to it, is pressed in so as to cause the middle bolt in the chamber to push from out the hole in the chamber the end of the other bolt having a spring, the chamber being thereby unsupported falls out. Instead of three bolts as described two only may be used; in this case two springs are necessary.
My improvements in cartridges are as follows:— I make the case or body of the cartridges of a piece of thin sheet metal bent up into a tubular form, the edges of the said case not being soldered together, but connected loosely together by the engagement of the said edges one with the other; I make a slight flange at one end of the case; I fit a washer or cup in the inside of the case, and fit a cap on the outside of the case in the usual manner. A cartridge case made in this way may either be made to hold the entire charge or the powder only. When a short cartridge is required I gum the outside of the case and wrap a piece of paper, or skin, or other material round the case, the said paper or skin being sufficiently long to hold the shots if necessary; I gum the top wad and turn the edges of the paper over so as to hold in the shot.
Cartridges made in the way last described are less costly than the longer ones; these cartridges and also cartridges of other constructions may be made into pin or central-fire cartridges in the following manner:—I pierce a small hole in the middle of the cap of the cartridge, and make the edges of the said holes concave or spherical. The percussion caps which I place in the said concave or spherical holes are similar to the flanged cartridges used with revolving and saloon pistols with the following addition:—I indent the bottom of the percussion cap, so that the striker, the end of which is of a spherical figure, strikes the cap all round the flange or rim. Ordinary percussion caps may be used indented, as before explained; in this case the anvil used is countersunk to correspond with the cap and striker. When I use an anvil I prefer to make a small hole through the middle similar to an ordinary nipple.
In making cartridges for military purposes, and when a cheap cartridge is required, I take a washer and fix a felt wad to it and pierce a hole through the wad and washer; I make the cartridge up with ordinary cartridge paper or other material, which may be made combustible so as rapidly to burn away; the paper in this cartridge is destroyed or carried through the barrel with the bullet, and the wad left in the barrel is pushed out by the next cartridge or otherwise removed. I also make cartridges having washers (with or without a wad) with a case of thin sheet metal as herein-before explained, but attach. the said sheet metal case to the bullet or projectile, so that it forms a part of the bullet and is carried with it; I also make the bullet with a piece of tube attached to it, one end of which tube I close and cast the bullet on to it; in this tube I place the powder and the washer for the percussion cap; on the discharge of this cartridge the tube is carried with the bullet, and the washer is left in the barrel, which washer may be made to drop out or be pushed therefrom by the next bullet; or the bullet may be made to form the anvil for the percussion cap by making a hole through the axis of the bullet, and placing a washer at the back to hold the percussion cap; or the anvil for the percussion cap may be made by attaching to the bullet a frame of bars, in the end of which the anvil and percussion cap are carried.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by the said Edmund Harlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Edmond Harlow, of Spark Brook, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen. Victoria, by Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edmond Harlow, Her special licence that I, the said Edmund Harlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edmund Harlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “Improvements in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms And In Revolving Fire-Arms,” upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edmund Harlow, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Harlow, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being made to the accompanying Drawings marked A., B., and C., which are intended to illustrate the several improvements which constitute the said Invention by metrical delineation.
My Invention consists, 1stly, of improvements in locking down the barrels of drop-down guns and guns in which the barrels have a longitudinal sliding motion to and from the break-off (see Fig. 1).
In locking down the barrels of drop-down guns having the ordinary grip action I cut a screw thread upon the grip A of the lever, and also make a corresponding screw thread in the body B of the gun, so as thereby to screw the lever grip into the body instead of merely slipping it in and holding it in its place by a small screw, as in the ordinary arrangement. By this means I not only obtain a greater binding power but also greater certainty in the fitting; or the barrels may be locked down by a screw applied in the manner shewn at Figs. 2 and 2^A, in which case a screw C through the strap or tang and back of the break-off, and ‘make it engage with a lump D on the barrel. This screw I work by a lever E which lies along the top of the strap or tang. These improvements may be applied to the actions of those guns in which the barrel slides longitudinally along the body of the breech ends, either entering a cavity in the face of the break-off or sliding upon discs fixed on the face of the break-off, see Figs. 3 and 3^A, in this case I force the barrel F up to and hold it against the face of the break-off by means of a screw G in the body, the axes of the screws and barrels being parallel with each other. I work this screw by means of a lever H on the under side of the body; this lever may be made to lie parallel with the barrels, and the screw may be worked in various ways. By these means I both screw and wedge the ends of the barrels into the cavities in the break-off. 1 also force and hold the sliding barrels up against the face of the. break-off, as shewn at Figs. 4 and 4^A, by means of a lever C (shewn detached at Fig. 4^C) working into a vertical plane upon its joints, the said lever being situated in the body of the gun, and so shaped that the front part C^1 near the joint bears firmly against the body of the gun, and the back part C^3 similarly bears against the lump B^1 on the under side of the barrels. The tendency of the lever to force itself open and release the barrels is prevented by the peculiar shape here delineated. In order to release the short arm C^2 of the lever from the lump pressure is applied to the end of the long arm C^3 underneath the barrels so as to depress it. The short arm is thereby raised and its nose C^4 made to strike against a lump B^2 on the barrels and thus force them from the break-off. The arrangement described may be made self-acting by means of a small catch E (see Figs. 4 and 4^A) placed in the body to hold the lever open when the barrels are in position for charging, and a spring F attached to the lever to force it into its place when the barrels are shut down. The sliding or closing of the barrels acts upon the catch and allows the lever to drop into its place. This catch E may be applied to any of the existing breech-loading fire-arms, being similarly or differently arranged as circumstances may require.
My Invention relates, secondly, to breech-loading fire-arms having fixed barrels, and consists of the arrangements of parts for opening the breech ends of the said fire-arms for loading and closing them for discharge, as shewn at Fig. 5. I cut a longitudinal slot or hole in the top of the barrel for the introduction of the cartridge; I fit a block B into the barrel, the said block being provided with an arm or projection B^1, which acts as a lever and lies along the strap or tang of the gun, or it may be formed at the side; I cut a slot in this block of about half the length of the said block, and in this slot I fit a second block or link C, one end of which link I joint to the large block in the barrel, and the other end to the barrel at the back end near the top. To open the gun for charging the lever on the tang is raised and then drawn backwards, the link being so placed in the block as to admit of this motion, and the block being made so as to form a kind of hinge at the end which closes the barrel; this hinge is formed by making the end spherical and the inside of the barrel of a corresponding concave form. By the motion of the lever the block is raised out of the barrel so as to admit of the introduction of the cartridge into the barrel. The block having been depressed into the barrel the gun is ready for discharge, the link and block being arranged so that it is impossible for the block to be blown open.
Fig. 5^B shews the breech of a gun formed upon the ball-jointed rising block principle just described, in which the block B is bored out to take the cartridge. C, C, are jointed links fitted into the body of the gun for raising the block to the position shewn by the dotted lines. Or I arrange the parts of the gun in the manner shewn at Figs. 6 and 6^A. I bore out the breech end of the barrel A somewhat larger than usual, and cut a screw way in it Into the screwed end I fit a hollow externally screwed plug C, the hole in the said plug being sufficiently large to admit of the cartridge being introduced through it into the barrel. Underneath the barrel (or upon the top or side) Tent a broad transverse groove or slot in the enlarged part of the barrels, and through this slot a plate B is made to slide so as to open or close the opening in the screw plug, the sliding motions of the said plate being effected by the unscrewing or screwing of the plug. The said plate is provided with a curved slot D, see Fig. 6^a, in which a pin E on the plug engages, so that by the screwing of the plug in one or other direction in the breech end the said pin acts upon the plate through the slot and raises or-depresses it, and thereby closes or opens the hollow in the plug. The motion of this plate may be effected by any other mechanism suitable for the purpose.
My Invention consists farther of the following improvements in cartridge case extractors for guns having moveable barrels and also for guns having fixed barrels. I shall describe this part of my Invention as applied to a dropdown gun.
According to one arrangement of my Invention, see Fig. 7, I place in a recess between the barrels at the breech end a spring B; this spring is fixed at one end to the rib or the lump C on the barrel, and its. free end is situated at about midway between the two barrels; the said spring is of such a breadth that it occupies the space between the two barrels, When the cartridges are placed in the barrels, and the barrels are shut down, the free end of the spring is compressed and lies flush with the ends of the barrel, the said free end of the spring bearing against the flanges or rims of the cartridges. When the barrels are raised after discharge the spring being free to move acts upon the rims of the exploded cartridge cases and starts them from the barrels.
According to another arrangement of my Invention I start the cases of the exploded cartridges by means of a slide B, (see Figs. 8 and 8^a) working between the barrels and pressed outwards by a coil spring C at its back; when the barrels are shut down the slide is fixed flush with the ends of the barrels and does not press upon the rims of the cartridges; this fixing of the slide is effected by means of a catch E (Fig 8^a) worked by a lever connected to the slide engaging in the side of the barrels. The lever of the catch is acted upon by the break-off of the gun. When the barrels are raised the catch is liberated from the barrels, and the slide is pressed outwards by its spring C, and starts the cases of the exploded cartridges from the barrels. In order to prevent the slide B from being forced outwards too far I insert a small screw pin D through the top rib, the end of which pin is made to enter a short slot D^1 cut in the top of the slide and thus to act as a stop.
My Invention consists further of the following improvements in revolving pistols or guns:— Instead of the ordinary ratchet on the revolving chamber by which rotation is given to the said chamber, I make thereon a ratchet D (see Figs. 9, 9^a, 9^b, 9^c, 9^d, 9^e, and 9^f, in the form of a series of equal planes or sides in each plane or side being situated at an obtuse angle to the next one, the number of planes or sides employed corresponding with the number of the barrels of the revolving chamber. For example, for a chamber having six barrels I employ a ratchet of the form of a hexagon; I act upon this ratchet by means of an arm or lever E sliding in a groove, and made to work up and down by means of the hammer or trigger of the pistol or gun formed as shewn at 9^d, 9^e, and 9^f. One edge of the said lever is parallel with one of the planes or sides of the ratchet to the free end of the lever a small catch E^1 is jointed, the said catch being projected outwards when at liberty to move by a spring. When the lever is drawn back beyond the side or plane of the ratchet upon which it bore, the spring catch on the lever is forced outwards and bears against the side or plane of the ratchet adjacent to that upon which it last acted, and when the lever is pushed forward the said catch pushes forward the ratchet and gives a portion of rotation to the chamber. When the lever has advanced to its full extent the plane or side of the ratchet acted upon by the catch is situated parallel to the edge of the lever, the spring catch being compressed in the lever, and the chamber is rocked or fixed. The lever may be made to work with a downward motion by reversing the catch, as shewn by the dotted line, Fig 9^b. The planes or sides of the ratchet described may. either be made upon a projection upon the middle of the chamber or upon the circumference of the chamber. The lever for acting upon the ratchet may have a rectilinial or circular motion; in the latter case the lever may be made in the form of a sector of a circle, see Figs. 9^c.
My improvements in revolving fire-arms consists further of the following arrangements of parts for removing the revolving chamber from the body for loading, see Fig. 10, I make the axis upon which the chamber turns of three bolts or plugs A, B, C; one of the said bolts B is situated in a hole in the axis of the chamber, the said bolt being capable of sliding a limited distance therein. The other bolts A and C I place in the body of the pistol or gun, one at each end of the chamber, the said end bolts being situated in a line with that in the chamber. One of the bolts C in the body is provided with a spring, which spring presses the inner end of the said bolts into the hole in the axis of the chamber against one end of the bolt B in the chamber so as to force its opposite end into the body; the chamber is thereby fixed in its place. In order to remove the chamber from the body the bolt A which has no spring attached to it is pressed in so as to cause the middle bolt in the chamber to push from out the hole in the chamber, the end of the other bolt having a spring, the chamber being thereby unsupported falls out. Instead of three bolts as described, two only may be used; in this case two springs are necessary.
My improvements in cartridges illustrated upon Drawing C are as follows:— I make the case or body of the cartridges of a piece of thin sheet metal bent up into a tubular form, the edges of the said case not being soldered together, but connected loosely together by the engagement of the said edges one with the other, as shewn at A. I make a slight flange B at one end of the case, I fit a washer or cup C in the inside of the case, and fit a cap on the outside of the case in the usual manner. A cartridge case formed in this way may either be made to hold the entire charge or the powder only. When a short cartridge is required I gum the outside of the case, and wrap a piece of paper, or skin, or other material, such as linen, cloth, or millboard covered with a solution of shellac, white lead, and naptha, or spirits of wine, or. other suitable ingredients round the case; the said paper or skin, &c. being sufficiently long 15t o hold the shots. If necessary I gum the top wad and turn the edges of the paper over so as to hold the shot. Cartridges made in the way last. described are less costly than the longer ones. These cartridges and also cartridges of other constructions may be made into pin or central-fire cartridges in the following manner:—I pierce a small hole in the middle of the cap of the cartridge, and make the edges of the said holes concave or spherical. The percussion caps which I place in the said concave or spherical holes are similar to those in the flanged cartridges used with revolving and saloon pistols, with the following additions:— I indent the bottom of the percussion cap D so that the-striker E, the end of which is of a spherical figure, strikes the cap all round the flange or rim. Ordinary percussion caps may be used if thus indented. In this case the anvil used is countersunk to correspond with the cap and striker, and such caps may also be used without an anvil. When 1 use an anvil I prefer to make a small hole through the middle similar to an ordinary nipple.
In making cartridges for military purposes, and when a cheap cartridge is required, I take a washer and fix a felt wad to it F^11, and pierce a hole through the wad and washer; I also use a tube or cup to form the washer; or in Place of the washer (see E^1, E^2, E^3, and E^4) I make the cartridge up with ordinary cartridge paper or other material, which may be made combustible, so as rapidly to burn away. The paper in this cartridge is destroyed or carried through the barrel with the bullet, and the wad left in the barrel is Pushed out by the next cartridge or otherwise removed. When I wish the Cartridge to be removed I make a groove in the edge of the washer, in which I cause the extractor to engage, or I use two washers G and G^1, making A^1 next to the wad rather smaller than the other. When I form a metal cartridge upon this plan I prefer to make the washer of thick metal, and force the end in a die, so as to form a flange G*; this flange I draw into a cup G^4, so making the edges thin and the bottom thick; round the bottom I turn or otherwise make G, before mentioned. The cup may be drawn on to and over the case instead of the case enclosing the cup, as is the usual practice. By experiment I find that a cartridge made in this way will answer with the common cap and anvil. I also make cartridges having washers (with or without a wad) with a case of thin sheet metal, as herein-before explained, but attach the said sheet metal ease to the bullet or projectile, so that it forms a part of the bullet and is carried away with it. I also make the bullet with a piece of tube attached to it, one end of which tube I close and cast the bullet on to it. I make four cuts through and partly along this case or tube, and cover the same with thin paper in order to prevent the tube or case from expanding; in this tube I place the powder and the washer for the percussion cap. On the discharge of this cartridge the tube is carried with it, and the washer is left in the barrel; which washer may be made to drop out or be pushed therefrom by the next bullet; or the bullet may be made to form the anvil for the percussion cap by making a hole through the axis of the bullet and placing the washer at the back to hold the percussion cap; or the anvil for the percussion cap may be made by attaching to the bullet a frame of bars, in the end of which anvil and percussion cap are carried; these bars I make of a triangular section, with their apexes to the centre, so that the explosive force of the powder has little or no effect upon them. I claim,:—
First, the externally screwed axis and form of the grip of the lever, Figs. 1 and 1^a.
Secondly, the locking-down action, Figs. 2 and 2^a, with or without an external screw thread on the axis of the lever.
Thirdly, the locking and wedging “parallel screw” slide action, Figs. 3 and 3^a.
Fourthly, the sliding lock-down action and parts, Figs. 4 to 4^c inclusive.
Fifthly, the breech blocks, Figs. 5 and 5^b, and the “ball joint” of the latter, with or without a centre pin.
Sixthly, the breech-closing plate, with combined screw and slide action, $5 Figs. 6 and 6^a, or their equivalents.
Seventhly, the breech-spring extractor, Figs. 8, 8^a, and 8^b.
Eighthly, the polygonal revolving chamber and parts, and take-out chamber and parts, Figs. 9 to 9^f.
Lastly, the cartridges, substantially as described, particularly with the washer and cup, anvil, and indented percussion cap.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Harlow, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
EDMUND HARLOW. (L.S.)